Search for: [Abstract = "Research shows that there are at least four age related factors correlated with the level of school achievement and improvement\: month of birth, early or delayed school entry and grade retention. Educational value added \(EVA\) measures are used in the evaluation of school effectiveness. They are estimated from relative increases in achievement. However, Polish EVA models do not include pupil age, which may bias the indicators calculated. The article presents findings from a study estimating the magnitude of this bias for Polish lower secondary schools over the four years \(2010–2013\). The results demonstrated that inclusion of pupil age only slightly changed EVA estimates. Bias caused by omission of age over recent years seemed, therefore, rather minor."]

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